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POEM: Rainer Maria Rilke’s “Day in Autumn”

DAY IN AUTUMN

After the summer’s yield, Lord, it is time
to let your shadow lengthen on the sundials
and in the pastures let the rough winds fly.

As for the final fruits, coax them to roundness.
Direct on them two days of warmer light
to hale them golden toward their term, and harry
the last few drops of sweetness through the wine.

Whoever’s homeless now, will build no shelter;
who lives alone will live indefinitely so,
waking up to read a little, draft long letters,
and, along the city’s avenues,
fitfully wander, when the wild leaves loosen.

Rainer Maria Rilke, translated by Mary Kinzie

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WHAT’S AT STAKE?: Academic Confessionalism

[Editor's Note: In this series, the PACK applies the query What's at stake? to disciplines outside verse (e.g.,'business' as category), or metapoetics, in order to further limn poetry's major contemporary issues. Why a question of 'stake?' It has currency across multiple fields; its metaphorical construct speaks directly to the concerns of poetry; and, most importantly, it provokes an assessment of cause, of meaning. It throws cruciality into high relief; it calls the crux to our attention, and against that all else can be measured. It gets to the bottom of things.

As always, what's assumed in this series is the inherent significance of poetics in the experience of being.]

Stephanie Adams-Santos and I recently concluded that strands connecting every bit of especially bad verse—take nearly all the poems of Kim Addonizio published on the Internet, or Matthew Dickman, or Michael Dickman, or Tony Hoagland—can be drawn back to a version of confessionalism. Not a version truly close to Plath, Sexton, or Lowell, but married, nonetheless, to the a centrality of self that seems to dominate any attempt of the Poetic to make its way from space to page.

Let’s be fair. Plath would have been mortified by the work of Addonizio, so rarely does it attempt to put any craft-based constraints on its vacuous ‘reflections.’ Check “Manners” for a pointed example of Addonizio’s exceedingly slim stylings; you may feel as though you’ve chanced on the diary of an angsty teenage Goth, save for the fact that such an individual would have more sense than to advertise his or her maunderings (and might likely hold the poets he or she has read in too high a regard to label such maunderings ‘poetry’).

Quite shortly, the characteristics of this type of aesthetic appear to be:

(i) Staunch imposition of the I, at the expense of any real ‘setting’;
(ii) A phrasing that smacks of the academy, specifically ‘theory-speak’;
(iii) Implicit or explicit attacks on the academy, status quo, or powers-that-be;
(iv) General politicizing and identity poetics;
(v) Vulgarity and expletives, usually posed to appear ironic or clever; and
(vi) Interest in the body’s more base mechanics.

The question is not why this specific bent is in high profile—considering the dearth of deep thought these days, the answer is obvious—but what makes an individual with an interest in Poetry revel in such uninspiring observations, observations that are generally shallow, purely explanatory, and move nowhere, except to disseminate bad odor. I suppose it is possible that the call to Poetry still feels like a ‘rare’ call; it might speak to those individuals searching for a way to be truly ‘different’ without a call to difference, save for their own dissatisfaction.

But if the gift of channeling the Poetic is there, why so regularly turn it into simple treading of water? Why not move? The boundaries of the self cannot really seem so stolid.

Is it simply a matter, then, of a group of writers who no longer believe that a poet is called to something different than a diarist, cartoonist, satirist, or muckraker? Called to wisdom?

More to come.

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Greg Nicholl’s “Errors in Cross Circulation”

Again, a piece that occupies a quizzical niche: Nicholl’s “Errors in Cross Circulation,” featured in the summer issue of Salamander, is poised to the point of being deadly sere. Is it the subject alone that causes the poem to shrink?

The poem’s potential is far more evident early than late. The speaker’s restiveness in lines like ‘So I resort to pulling blinds’ and ‘Nothing to do but sleep’ creates an almost maddening tension beside his relative blasé (however pointed) reflectiveness: ‘I am trying to remember/how to cool a house’ succeeds, therefore, in stirring just enough motion to float the thought. I nearly love the attempt: its equipoise verges on the cybernetic, and thus the cats, the neighbor ‘spray[ing] his roof with water’ become movers in a potentially eerie hybridized scene.

Sci-fi milieu or no (and I likely invented it all), the narrative quickly unravels. Why this maddening rush downstairs when the house is effectively ‘chilled’? Our return to the speaker’s stark present is narrated with all the gusto of a cyborg: ‘And the ground cracks,/and the boys walk shirtless through town, /and plants wilt against the clay.’ While I’ve got a hunch that something might be bubbling beneath the veneer of this scene—yes, it was ‘seven years’ of famine in Genesis, not drought, and, yes, it’s possible that Nicholl overlooked compounding ‘cross-circulation’—even the discovery that some allusion is afoot would not change the facts: the relative ‘perfection’ of this poem is it’s undoing. This piece is tidy: solid (but not risky) vocabulary; thoughtful (but not risky) imagery; semi-obvious dyadic structure; enough reservation to avoid saying anything ‘telling.’ The result is so completely bloodless that the vaguely sexual ‘undress[ing]‘ in the basement is washed in black-and-white. A father walks by this scene and pauses for a moment, returns to his bowl of soup.

One cannot escape the gambit of Poetry; risk is in the relationship, the attempt to channel unbending force. Like Bishop so often did, Nicholl creates a shadowbox, but it cannot recall the verve of living. It is not alive.

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POEM: Richard Wilbur’s “The Beautiful Changes”

THE BEAUTIFUL CHANGES

One wading a Fall meadow finds on all sides
The Queen Anne’s Lace lying like lilies
On water; it glides
So from the walker, it turns
Dry grass to a lake, as the slightest shade of you
Valleys my mind in fabulous blue Lucernes.

The beautiful changes as a forest is changed
By a chameleon’s tuning his skin to it;
As a mantis, arranged
On a green leaf, grows
Into it, makes the leaf leafier, and proves
Any greenness is deeper than anyone knows.

Your hands hold roses always in a way that says
They are not only yours; the beautiful changes
In such kind ways,
Wishing ever to sunder
Things and things’ selves for a second finding, to lose
For a moment all that it touches back to wonder.

Richard Wilbur

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Jacob Shores-Argüello’s “Crimea, An Unexpected Freeze”

In terms of delivery, Shores-Argüello’s “Crimea, An Unexpected Freeze” is shoulders above a good deal of contemporary verse. Its composition reads much like a mixed-media collage, with alternately painterly moments (‘the dull smear of beach’) and those popping from the backing (‘swelling breast-plates of ice’). I returned several times to ‘The straw-boned seabirds are blown/from their trawlers, their religion of fish’ for music and a sense of ideational axis, though I’m less and less sure that the image is so much axis as it is component on par with the rest.

Let me say: it’s difficult to write a criticism of a poem or poet one recognizes as invested. I feel a kind of kinship with Shores-Argüello that, frankly, I haven’t felt for other poems I’ve criticized on SHARKPACK, ones that are a species of ‘identity poetry’ or vaguely ironic hipster dross. Still, there is something essentially subordinating to “Crimea, An Unexpected Freeze” that colors my experience of it: it subordinates Poetry to the status of design.

As I read the poem, its politik (or ‘global perspective’ or ‘agenda’) has moved it into happening. The references to place are clear (and it was, after all, entered into Guernica‘s (q.v.) “International Literature Award” pool), as are a few quizzical failures of imagery that stem from it being less than a ‘purebred’ poem—those sent from cosmos to spirit to pen with pure voltage, and only the vaguest sense of outline. To my taste, there’s an immediate scale issue with this wolf ‘hang[ing] from the teat of upper atmosphere’: for its tail or body to ‘sweep[] the crags of coastline,’ it would have to be quite large; I’m not given enough in terms of imaginative vocabulary (‘rigging,’ ‘sails’) to believe I’m anywhere but a boat or sea vessel when blown by the wolf’s ‘breath’; and how could that breath cycle to me, from a mouth stuck to a teat in upper atmosphere? If the wolf is hung by his tail from far north in the sky, it’s tough to imagine being fixed there by a teat.

Punctilious? Fussy? Perhaps, but for a purpose: when I arrive at ‘As all warm animals do in Ukraine,//the pelicans try, but the long trowel of their beaks/cannot reach what is closest to them[,]‘ I’ve hit an even clearer imposition than that of the wolf: this bit has got the neon lights of ‘THESIS THESIS THESIS’ blinking in aquamarine all about it. In my opinion, it’s decidedly ungraceful, and not because the poet ‘got lazy’ or ‘just had to’ spell out a bit about another ‘warm animal['s]‘ condition, but because the poem itself is the product of an agenda that Poetry will not suffer. The curtain has been thrown back, and one sees that it is not the smokes that rise to this Oracle, but a note passed in fine cursive.

It’s true that I am inherently skeptical of political poetry, or any verse that attempts to situate Poetry into a pose that it wishes—well, bothers too much with her, attempts to handsomely groom and preen what is a numinous experience. It’s also true that I prefer Tennyson over Byron, and will keep my ‘religion of fish.’ In the case of “Crimea, An Unexpected Freeze,” there are failures of image and situation that I attribute to a wan ‘agenda,’ true—but the failures (and they are strangely minor/major) exist nonetheless.

This is written with all affection for the poet; I may find his book void of all issues I indict here. I count myself fortunate to have a piece this careful to sharpen skean against.