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Robin Robertson’s “The Fishermen’s Farewell”

After several weeks of quiet, Robertson’s poem is just the place for the PACK to rile again. I hope everyone had a happy round of holidays.

I find this piece a moving (‘enchanting’ seems too buoyant an adjective) meditation on the nature of itinerancy, and, perhaps following, a poem couched in the conflict of weight, of sylph and earth. Robertson’s first two couplets are consonance-heavy (‘foam-flecked’ and ‘blue banners’ and ‘whipping west’), and my association of that stylistic choice with fourteenth century conventions (in, say, “Piers Plowman”), lends the piece an historical weight; to my taste, this is complimented by the mysterious facelessness of the fishermen, who aspire to be ‘rumor[s],’ ‘smoke-walkers.’ For all their association with the sea and with the insubstantial, the fishermen are heavy here, locked in land. This elemental conflict is marked pointedly in the eighth stanza, where ‘Their houses, heeled over in the sand [. . .] become ‘ruins,’ ‘cairn for kites’: the land-bound leg kicks up in ‘heeling,’ and the cairn is counterpoint to kite in three ways: as flying toy; as memory of spinnaker; as the drifting bird of prey, herself half-pilgrim on any ground.

Robertson’s use of cretic feet like ‘Callanish’ and ‘Dunnottar’ is especially poignant to this elemental end: the fishermen arrive from the sea fresh with puissance, live in abeyance on land, and then return to the ocean with renewed verve; the world of “The Fishermen’s Farewell,” then, occupies the breath between stresses. ‘[D]own by the quay/past empty pots, unmended nets, and boats[,]‘ the fishermen find themselves in a different drink, but wager on that partial conduit to sea nonetheless. I wonder: have seals as symbols ever seemed as grave and wise as this?

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Kay Ryan’s “New Rooms”

I’ve always been a bit bemused by Kay Ryan’s ascension into rarefied literary territory; it may be that the poems are too monic, or that, in that monism, they reside largely on the surface of things. Even having read a good part of The Best of It, I resigned myself to a shrug, thinking that, if nothing else, the poems have a decency and poise about them that is worthwhile.

Happily, two new poems by Ryan in Poetry have reinvigorated by interest: “Mister Time” and “New Rooms.” If I had to mark one difference between the composition of “New Rooms” (for example) and my general conception of Ryan’s monism, I’d say it has to do with artifice—per Charles Bernstein’s “The Artifice of Absorption,” ‘meaning [beyond] the exclusively recuperable elements of language’ (13). The purport of “New Rooms” is quite interesting in itself—that the mind is caught between ambience and a desire to ‘set up shop’—and the largeness of its supposition must contrast to Ryan’s trademark short-lined stanza. Also, there’s something strangely shabby about the mind’s ‘old rooms . . . tack[ed] up like an interior tent,’ insofar as one thinks of the mind as a place of electric activity, ideation, &c. And here (to use the parlance of the embattled Russian Formalists) is the poem’s most glaring estrangement:

     Oh but
the new holes
aren’t where
the windows
went.

I love this turn: I wonder immediately whether the mind has casements that shift upon shifts in environment or understanding; whether the ‘windows’ can accord to the head’s physical outlets, like the eyes and ears; but most because there’s a real muddying of whether the mind makes vistas or operates within other organs’ vista-making, and how drastically those vistas might change. And, truly, there is something darling about the domesticity brought to this quandary by ‘old rooms,’ ‘tack,’ ‘tent,’ and even ‘convenience.’

Yet, most importantly (at least for my taste) there’s redolence in the combine of language and form here that speaks directly to artifice, at least inasmuch as I connect the call to the act of making with an imaginative movement that wants to follow that making; there’s no spoor in a poem that could be mistook for a grocery list or a dashed-off post-it note.

You haven’t escaped me yet, Kay Ryan.

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Maria Melendez’s “A Chicana Writes to Rilke”

The greatest achievement of Maria Melendez’s poem in the March/April issue of Orion is its management of reductivism: its speaker challenges the reader’s concept of what might (culturally, sexually, temporally) separate Chicana from Rilke, and thus refuses to be satisfied by revelation on the basis of those identities.

In my reckoning, the most immediate touchstone for Melendez’s piece is from Rilke’s Duino Elegies:

Nowhere, Beloved, will the world exist but within us.
Our lives are constant transformations. The external
grows ever smaller. Where a solid house once stood,
now a mental image takes its place,
almost as if it were all in the imagination.
Our era has created vast reservoirs of power,
as formless as the currents of energy they transmit.
Temples are no longer known. In our hearts
these can be secretly saved. Where one survives—
a Thing once prayed to, worshipped, knelt before—
its true nature seems already to have passed
into the Invisible. Many no longer take it for real,
and do not seize the chance to build it
inwardly, and yet more vividly, with all its pillars and statues.

Beginning here, the query ‘Am I now to build Zapotec temples within me?’ reads less as an interrogation than a good humored reflection. This is the deft pitch of the speaker throughout the piece: a mixture of personal imperatives (‘A 6,000-year-old maize garden/of the mind is my sun-worship site’) with earnestness (‘And I have built my ship of death [. . .] its fear of rank inadequacy stinks so bad’) gives texture to the touchstones of diet and architecture that those outside of this Chicana will count as ‘typical’ of the Chicana. By embracing such norms (the construction of ‘milpas’ or consumption of ‘masa’ instead of mansions or hamburgers), the speaker asks whether it is the ‘thingness’ of these items that has been exhausted, or rather our own surface association of a culture with them.

It is not sustenance that the speaker gets from the combination of ‘corn, water, [and] slaked lime,’ but ‘might.’ The ‘dreamed-of/mano of the future//becomes an interior grinding stone to scrape/the realm of concept completely’—and we see those ‘concepts’ breaking about us, as Americans embrace sushi and agave nectar, and the Chinese Project Runway.

More importantly for Melendez, the concept that is ‘scraped’ is the one sated with a Rilke that, by cultural status quo, must remain somewhat untouchable. There’s no impression that ‘each moment/[is] a metate’ for the Latin American any more than the German, nor that the earth cobbles rock in the former’s interior alone. Here is a poem working with identity poetics in a way that inherently challenges the limitations of that claque—the queer can write to Hemingway only in a way that involves longing or ire, the poet to the actor only as starstruck ogling. A few of the ‘towers,’ perhaps, the speaker in “A Chicana Writes to Rilke” has no ‘taste for.’

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Michelle Boisseau’s “Among the Gorgons”

Michelle Boisseau’s “Among the Gorgons” is another powerful piece from the first issue of Poetry‘s centennial year.

There’s something specially exciting about a Bildungsroman-esque opening to a lyric poem; ‘For seventeen years I was caught in surf’ immediately contrasts to the looming brevity of the piece, suggesting that the reader will experience a lifetime’s narrative (or nearly) in 26 lines. Boisseau’s varied styling of breaks and enjambment in the opening stanza are a fast gambit: the legibility of the first line is quickly broke up, ‘[d]rubbed and scoured,’ and the progress of the poem forecasted.

So much is ‘bodied’ in the speaker’s transformation, where the sea ‘trot[s],’ the galaxy ‘eye[s],’ and fishes ‘flap.’ Though certain moments of physical content (‘the extra bit of wit//a grandma leaves on her chin’) are against my Apollonian, such moves are undeniably important in illustrating the speaker’s fragment. The collage of seascape and society in

[. . .] A galaxy of dimes
eyed my sag and crinkles and dismissed
me like a canceled stamp

widened my eyes a few times. Also jarringly fresh in Boisseau’s rendering of Gorgon is ‘something tugged at me, silver braids/weaving and unweaving themselves’—the metamorphosed is not accounted for so much as it is suggested, and I can feel a new part of the corpus, the two dozen snakes, slither into life, and the new ‘sensing’ that the speaker is suddenly charged with managing.

Appropriately, there is a haze toward the poem’s conclusion: what surety remains is one that moves toward a completely different manner of conception. Volume and depth of path are skewed. A cave first ‘crackle[s],’ and that abstract metaphor is heightened again by the marriage of kindling in a ‘woodstove’ with ‘laughter.’ So that the lavish ‘A landslide opened/a seam of rubies and we stepped in’ challenges a reader to both read the image literally and imagine sites beyond the literal. Is the ‘seam of rubies’ (!!) a break in the earth? a sunset seen at the cave’s terminus? a cleave in space-time? And what implication looms for a formerly young speaker now given a deathly immortality?

Poet and speaker, these are the questions I want to be asked to answer.

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Amy Beeder’s “Dear Drought”

I’m not sure whether it’s my ear or my thwarted Romantic that’s more provoked by Amy Beeder’s “Dear Drought.”

The use of assonance is downright heady—posy/goathead; sharp/garland; weed/cheat; legged/neglected—and pairs with Beeder’s drumming trochees (‘bitter zinnias fell to bits’ and ‘dream of hidden stables’) to craft a hamlet of thought that is nothing short of sumptuous. A rather pointed contrast, isn’t it, to the speaker’s poetic mise en scèce—the product we truck in is a devastated sort, ‘goatheads’ (smart: reads as both a spiny weed and a skull), ‘sharp garlands of thistle,’ ‘squash bugs strung on blighted stems,’ ‘egg cluster[s] that I scraped away with knife/or twig or thumbnail.’

You see: I can’t help but quote the poem at length.

The romance in “Dear Drought” is the romance of language (for those won by it), and then the strange drowning bitterness of being riven from a partner of some sort—man, woman, world. You can see the speaker has given herself over to consumption: a majestic (linguistic) prostration. The image that best encapsulates the speaker’s draw to feast and famine is her dream:

[. . .]Wake me sweat-laced
from a dream of hidden stables: the gentle foals

atremble, stem-legged, long-neglected.

Beeder sets this happy snare by using the loving, sweet care of ‘dream,’ ‘hidden,’ and ‘gentle’ first, and finishing the scene with fear, lost flesh, and desertion. The enjambment of ‘Dear/drought’ is also laid with real intelligence, since we come upon it like an old friend; ‘weed & cheat’ and ‘lattice & husk’ are pairings just spicy enough to mete out her tension in boxes.

Indeed, when that ‘yearling’ surfaces—almost yanked from the ‘dream of hidden stables’—Beeder’s delivery expands far beyond whatever local hurt might have forced this poem into being. One assumes the year-old animal will process the contents of this scene all his life.

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Janice Greenwood’s “Tempest”

Between their production of quality chapbooks and verse/schematic/collage mixtures in their webzine, Ander Monson and staff at DIAGRAM/NMP continue to occupy a unique niche in contemporary poetry. Janice Greenwood’s “Tempest” is among the best of their offerings this issue, [11.6].

One can’t help but smile at the care involved in the standby image for [11.6], especially in terms of how “Tempest” opens: the arm-and-paw illustration speaks immediately to the disembodiment of ‘the hours making disparity of our arms and legs,’ an image that is thrust alongside ‘sea,’ ‘bell,’ and general ‘wreckage of self’: quite a crew of occupants. The title of the poem does work to both situate and unseat a reader, I think—I’m immediately back beneath the tossed deck of Mr. Shakespeare’s The Tempest, with boatswain, Antonio, and the rest of the company (check W.S.’s scenic direction: ‘On a ship at sea: a tempestuous noise [. . .]); as the piece continues to move, I’m aware there’s no discernibly concrete connection to that play, and can see the tempest as one of many ‘storms’ about a home (or even a Tempest keelboat).

But, let me say: the speaker’s mention of ‘bell’ in line 1 recalls such a darling memory from The Tempest (‘Sea nymphs hourly ring his knell:/Hark! now I hear them—Ding, dong bell’ [I, ii]) that I refuse to believe I’m marooned with this touchstone by our sailor unwittingly.

Though I can’t nail down its content completely, there’s something sexy about the scene as it unfolds. The way time ravels in ‘hours’ and the rich double reading of ‘minute’ in ‘[T]he illusion of the minute unrolling from the spindle//of its chrysalis[,]‘ the tilting room, the zooming from hands to fingers, the curtain, the volatility of quicksilver, the kicked-over lamp that breaks ‘night elemental’—these things seem to be both—again—the content that wants shielding from the constellations and stars by the ‘webbing of hands[,]‘ and also the things which the stars might not be able to stand had they view.

Ultimately, it’s no surprise that this impassioned narrative is driven to a connection with exteriority, if for no other reason than momentary respite: the ‘sail in the dark’ offers a beacon for which the speaker may or may not choose to reach. Even though Greenwood’s ‘a sail, a sail, a sail‘ recalls the peaceable repetitive close to Eliot’s “The Waste Land,” I’m not convinced speaker or parties are headed for cover.

For more reviews on poems and chapbooks published by DIAGRAM, check our archives [here] and [here].

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Emily Wolahan’s “Argument in Optative”

It was the grammarian in me that was first magnetized by Wolahan’s “Argument in Optative.” It is the poem itself that expresses an optative mood: given the fact that it must do so without English verbs in optative, and given the fact that our setting is a building site, not a lover’s bed or sepulcher, this is no small achievement.

It comes as no surprise, therefore, that Wolahan’s construction is deft. Consider how she skirts attributions this close to ‘pathetic fallacy’ stuff:

[. . .] the illuminated building/golden and empty, its construction stalled as/all movement in this area is stalled [. . .]

[. . .] a whitening of the sky/in a winter sunset, its hollowed-out stories, structural posts [. . .]

and the powerful ‘There is also blue/mixed in the white, diluted but careful sense/of girders uniting a canyon dispersed/over river water.’ Of course, it is the general suggestion of human correspondence to the site (read: human involvement in its ‘construction,’ be the worker foreman or poet) that gives the poem a special poignancy—but such a correspondence is never too overt. Even the speaker’s interjection in line 21 is coolly balanced.

Having done a bit of personal study of Latin and Greek, I’ve always been covetous of true ‘subjunctives,’ ‘optatives,’ and two-word phrases that translate into whole English sentences. I like that Wolahan seems to be working through what a true optative in English might look like; that it might not be a verb-based structure at all; that it may involve a hovering smoke that is both insubstantial and ‘loosened and caught/in the wind [. . .].’ Thus the feeling of ‘if only’—unless it is iterated as ‘if only x, oh, if only z’—might only be honestly ‘felt’ through a gentle management like the speaker’s in “Argument in Optative”—as quickly as ‘lack’ enters, it is marigold, ‘winging out,’ pale, and ‘something else.’

 

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William Wenthe’s “Bitter Lake”

In recent months, only Malachi Black’s LAUDS has struck me with as much force as William Wenthe’s “Bitter Lake”; patency of image combined with serious cogitation turn these relatively direct pieces into moveable tunnels.

‘But for’ is such an interesting phrase to open with, isn’t it?—we’re immediately set into a suspended space that waits for a clause to situate us, and the phrase reads as ‘save for,’ ‘excepting,’ and ‘in spite of’ at once, so that the speaker seems to have taken into account human frailty in the face of wilderness, simple desire for escape, and all the telegraph inherent in ‘gestures’ at once. In terms of this ‘oblong of mercy sliced/from the map[,]‘ I’m brought back to—where else—a moment in Silent Hill 2, and a track titled “End of Small Sanctuary.” In that case, all the static of approaching enemies was put aside; all the harried pin-point turns and beasts made to outmatch your crude weaponry could be forgot, and you had a room, a soundtrack, time enough to grab a glass of water.

That reflection made me say to Wenthe: ‘True, I wanted refuge.’ And without it, back in the world of the poem, I say again to him: ‘true.’

Yet the rocked and real stunning power of “Bitter Lake” is in this sudden Lear/Cordelia image, which approaches from a complete blind spot. After consideration, I think the metaphors he chooses—a ‘host’ of geese and accompanying water—are such an unusual stand-in for the king and his good daughter that a reader is torn—really torn—from Wenthe’s implicit comparison between man’s desire for refuge and the refuge Cordelia found in Lear’s arms. Therefore an entire reconstruction of the 12-line poem becomes necessary before we accomplish any perspective. I’ve sat here and shook head for more than a few moments.

Valéry’s assertion about Poetry’s marriage to exact replication of the poet’s language comes to mind.

I’ve already started to re-read King Lear, with this piece as motivation. I am given a dark satisfaction thinking of Cordelia and Lear as ‘bitter,’ Mr. Wenthe.

 

 

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Greg Nicholl’s “Errors in Cross Circulation”

Again, a piece that occupies a quizzical niche: Nicholl’s “Errors in Cross Circulation,” featured in the summer issue of Salamander, is poised to the point of being deadly sere. Is it the subject alone that causes the poem to shrink?

The poem’s potential is far more evident early than late. The speaker’s restiveness in lines like ‘So I resort to pulling blinds’ and ‘Nothing to do but sleep’ creates an almost maddening tension beside his relative blasé (however pointed) reflectiveness: ‘I am trying to remember/how to cool a house’ succeeds, therefore, in stirring just enough motion to float the thought. I nearly love the attempt: its equipoise verges on the cybernetic, and thus the cats, the neighbor ‘spray[ing] his roof with water’ become movers in a potentially eerie hybridized scene.

Sci-fi milieu or no (and I likely invented it all), the narrative quickly unravels. Why this maddening rush downstairs when the house is effectively ‘chilled’? Our return to the speaker’s stark present is narrated with all the gusto of a cyborg: ‘And the ground cracks,/and the boys walk shirtless through town, /and plants wilt against the clay.’ While I’ve got a hunch that something might be bubbling beneath the veneer of this scene—yes, it was ‘seven years’ of famine in Genesis, not drought, and, yes, it’s possible that Nicholl overlooked compounding ‘cross-circulation’—even the discovery that some allusion is afoot would not change the facts: the relative ‘perfection’ of this poem is it’s undoing. This piece is tidy: solid (but not risky) vocabulary; thoughtful (but not risky) imagery; semi-obvious dyadic structure; enough reservation to avoid saying anything ‘telling.’ The result is so completely bloodless that the vaguely sexual ‘undress[ing]‘ in the basement is washed in black-and-white. A father walks by this scene and pauses for a moment, returns to his bowl of soup.

One cannot escape the gambit of Poetry; risk is in the relationship, the attempt to channel unbending force. Like Bishop so often did, Nicholl creates a shadowbox, but it cannot recall the verve of living. It is not alive.

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Jacob Shores-Argüello’s “Crimea, An Unexpected Freeze”

In terms of delivery, Shores-Argüello’s “Crimea, An Unexpected Freeze” is shoulders above a good deal of contemporary verse. Its composition reads much like a mixed-media collage, with alternately painterly moments (‘the dull smear of beach’) and those popping from the backing (‘swelling breast-plates of ice’). I returned several times to ‘The straw-boned seabirds are blown/from their trawlers, their religion of fish’ for music and a sense of ideational axis, though I’m less and less sure that the image is so much axis as it is component on par with the rest.

Let me say: it’s difficult to write a criticism of a poem or poet one recognizes as invested. I feel a kind of kinship with Shores-Argüello that, frankly, I haven’t felt for other poems I’ve criticized on SHARKPACK, ones that are a species of ‘identity poetry’ or vaguely ironic hipster dross. Still, there is something essentially subordinating to “Crimea, An Unexpected Freeze” that colors my experience of it: it subordinates Poetry to the status of design.

As I read the poem, its politik (or ‘global perspective’ or ‘agenda’) has moved it into happening. The references to place are clear (and it was, after all, entered into Guernica‘s (q.v.) “International Literature Award” pool), as are a few quizzical failures of imagery that stem from it being less than a ‘purebred’ poem—those sent from cosmos to spirit to pen with pure voltage, and only the vaguest sense of outline. To my taste, there’s an immediate scale issue with this wolf ‘hang[ing] from the teat of upper atmosphere’: for its tail or body to ‘sweep[] the crags of coastline,’ it would have to be quite large; I’m not given enough in terms of imaginative vocabulary (‘rigging,’ ‘sails’) to believe I’m anywhere but a boat or sea vessel when blown by the wolf’s ‘breath’; and how could that breath cycle to me, from a mouth stuck to a teat in upper atmosphere? If the wolf is hung by his tail from far north in the sky, it’s tough to imagine being fixed there by a teat.

Punctilious? Fussy? Perhaps, but for a purpose: when I arrive at ‘As all warm animals do in Ukraine,//the pelicans try, but the long trowel of their beaks/cannot reach what is closest to them[,]‘ I’ve hit an even clearer imposition than that of the wolf: this bit has got the neon lights of ‘THESIS THESIS THESIS’ blinking in aquamarine all about it. In my opinion, it’s decidedly ungraceful, and not because the poet ‘got lazy’ or ‘just had to’ spell out a bit about another ‘warm animal['s]‘ condition, but because the poem itself is the product of an agenda that Poetry will not suffer. The curtain has been thrown back, and one sees that it is not the smokes that rise to this Oracle, but a note passed in fine cursive.

It’s true that I am inherently skeptical of political poetry, or any verse that attempts to situate Poetry into a pose that it wishes—well, bothers too much with her, attempts to handsomely groom and preen what is a numinous experience. It’s also true that I prefer Tennyson over Byron, and will keep my ‘religion of fish.’ In the case of “Crimea, An Unexpected Freeze,” there are failures of image and situation that I attribute to a wan ‘agenda,’ true—but the failures (and they are strangely minor/major) exist nonetheless.

This is written with all affection for the poet; I may find his book void of all issues I indict here. I count myself fortunate to have a piece this careful to sharpen skean against.